Velocity
3400-3800 m/s
20-55 C
Moisture
100-160 cnts/s
Shaft 1
Density
155-165 lb/ft3
CSL (Crosshole Sonic Logging)
foundation.
Summit Peak Technologies LLC
CSL (Crosshole Sonic Logging)
What is this -- a birthday cake?  No, it's rebar sticking out of a concrete bridge support, with compression waves traveling over 8000 miles an hour from one side to the other
Internal stress during concrete curing.  Numerical analysis supports
concrete expansion and contraction, heat release due to hydration
surrounding environment, material property changes due to hydration,
crack propagation, compression and tension stress, effects of rebar
and access tubes, debonding, soil contraction, etc.
Internal stress during shaft loading
Internal cracking during curing phase.  Shaft debonds from surrounding
rock, weakening side friction support.  Crack propagation shows access
tube debonding, rebar debonding, internal cracking, and external
exposure to potential contamination and corrosion.
Wave propagation from CSL tube